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- <text id=90TT3216>
- <title>
- Dec. 03, 1990: Soviet Union:Give Us Our Daily Bread
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Dec. 03, 1990 The Lady Bows Out
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 75
- SOVIET UNION
- Give Us Our Daily Bread
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Consumers face a hungry winter as supplies run short and state
- food production and distribution turn to crumbs
- </p>
- <p>By JOHN KOHAN/MOSCOW
- </p>
- <p> The Molodezhny milk store in the Frunze District of
- northwest Moscow used to be famous for its dairy products.
- Nowadays, almost no customers are seen there during peak
- afternoon shopping hours. No wonder. Refrigerator cases offer
- bottles of a sour apple-grape drink instead of butter and
- cheese. In a touch of the absurd, otherwise barren shelves
- display seltzer-water dispensers and brightly colored plastic
- Little Drummer Rabbit dolls, presumably for toddlers who will
- have to do without fresh milk.
- </p>
- <p> Molodezhny, at least, has something to sell. Some shops
- open at 8 a.m. but close by lunchtime, when the day's allotment
- of food is gone. Other state-run outlets are closed
- indefinitely for "renovations."
- </p>
- <p> A headline last week on the front page of Pravda, the
- Communist Party daily, posed the question haunting all Soviet
- consumers as they prepare for the coming winter: ARE WE
- THREATENED WITH HUNGER? President Mikhail Gorbachev has roundly
- dismissed what he calls "conjectures of a coming famine." In
- industrial centers like Leningrad, however, local authorities
- plan to introduce wide-scale rationing to avert the worst
- consumer shortages since the end of World War II.
- </p>
- <p> Soviet cows are still giving milk and chickens are still
- laying eggs, as they always have, with or without orders from
- the Kremlin. The great scandal is how these products are
- disappearing on the way to the store. Much of the blame rests
- with an antiquated state distribution system. Other reasons
- Soviet cupboards are suddenly bare:
- </p>
- <p> THE FUMBLING CENTER. There is little confidence outside
- Moscow that the central government can mend the economy. A
- decision this year to increase the price the state will pay for
- grain and meat has not led to more production. Farmers, who have
- no incentive to accumulate more worthless rubles, have even
- taken land out of cultivation. Agricultural markets have also
- been disrupted by government schemes that allow producers of
- some products to make deals directly with buyers. In parts of
- the Ukraine, peasants waiting for a better price have turned
- over only 5% of the grain harvest to the state.
- </p>
- <p> REGIONAL SEPARATISM. Calls from republics and regions for
- greater political sovereignty have caused economic protectionism
- and strangled supply lines. The balance sheet at Moscow's No.
- 14 meat-packing plant tells the story. So far this year, the
- factory has received only 410 tons of meat, well short of the
- planned 2,920 tons. The Belorussians have sent 120 tons instead
- of 970. Nothing has come from Kazakhstan, Latvia or Lithuania.
- During the past nine months, the agricultural regions around
- Sverdlovsk have held back one-third of their scheduled
- deliveries of produce and sold the products on local markets.
- </p>
- <p> PROFITEERING. While state-run stores are empty, the
- country's free farmers' markets offer an abundance of everything
- from mandarin oranges and pickled garlic to sunflower oil.
- Prices, though, are staggering. The average annual income of
- Soviets is only 250 rubles, and so few can afford the luxury of
- tomatoes at 10 rubles for about two pounds, or beef at 30 rubles
- a cut. Peasants gripe that free markets in Moscow are under the
- control of black-marketeering middlemen from the Caucasian
- republics who are deliberately limiting supplies to keep prices
- high. Managers of state-run shops also hold back scarce goods
- from open sale and make a hefty profit by selling them out the
- back door.
- </p>
- <p> HOARDING. Stores have been battered in recent weeks by
- waves of panic buying that have periodically cleaned shelves of
- sugar, milk, flour, matches and other staples. As a Moscow
- housewife sheepishly confesses, "My kitchen is loaded with
- cereals, and my bathroom is piled with soap. I can barely turn
- around in my apartment." The hysteria often reflects fears about
- the future, but it creates immediate problems.
- </p>
- <p> Gorbachev hopes he can cure the food crisis with a
- combination of strong presidential leadership and help from
- abroad. He privately approached Western leaders at last week's
- Paris summit conference with a grocery list that included such
- staples as pork, butter and powdered milk. The Supreme Soviet
- has given Gorbachev two weeks to prepare emergency measures to
- ensure that the state receives ample supplies of food from
- producers. Meanwhile, grumbling consumers have no choice but to
- continue playing the grim new national sport: scavenger hunting.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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